SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>DSSAM Model</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">DSSAM Model</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

<p>The <b>DSSAM Model</b> (Dynamic Stream Simulation and Assessment Model) is a <a href="Computer_simulation" title="Computer simulation">computer simulation</a> developed for the <a href="Truckee_River" title="Truckee River">Truckee River</a> to analyze <a href="Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water quality</a> impacts from <a href="Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> and <a href="Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a> management decisions in the Truckee River Basin. This area includes the cities of <a href="Reno%2C_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno</a> and <a href="Sparks%2C_Nevada" title="Sparks, Nevada">Sparks, Nevada</a> as well as the <a href="Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a> Basin. The model is historically and alternatively called the <i>Earth Metrics Truckee River Model</i>. Since original development in 1984-1986 under contract to the <a href="United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the model has been refined and successive versions have been dubbed DSSAM II and DSSAM III. This <a href="Hydrology_transport_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrology transport model">hydrology transport model</a> is based upon a pollutant loading metric called <i><a href="Total_maximum_daily_load" title="Total maximum daily load">Total maximum daily load</a> (TMDL).</i> The success of this flagship model contributed to the Agency's broadened commitment to the use of the underlying TMDL protocol in its national policy for management of most river systems in the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Truckee River has a length of over 115 miles (185 km) and drains an area of approximately 3120 square miles,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not counting the extent of its <a href="Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a> sub-basin. The DSSAM model establishes numerous stations along the entire river extent as well as a considerable number of monitoring points inside the <a href="Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a>'s <a href="Pyramid_Lake_(Nevada)" title="Pyramid Lake (Nevada)">Pyramid Lake</a>, the receiving waters of this closed hydrological system. Although the region is sparsely populated, it is important because Lake Tahoe is visited by 20 million persons per annum and Truckee River water quality affects at least two endangered species: the <a href="Cui-ui" title="Cui-ui">Cui-ui</a> <a href="Catostomidae" title="Catostomidae">sucker fish</a> and the <a href="Lahontan_cutthroat_trout" title="Lahontan cutthroat trout">Lahontan cutthroat trout</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_history">Development history</h2></div>

<p>Impetus to derive a quantitative prediction model arose from a trend of historically decreasing river flow rates coupled with jurisdictional and tribal conflicts over water rights as well as concern for river biota. When expansion of the Reno-Sparks Wastewater Treatment Plant was proposed, the EPA decided to fund a large scale research effort to create simulation software and a parallel program to collect field data in the Truckee River and Pyramid Lake. For river stations water quality measurements were made in the <a href="Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">benthic zone</a> as well as the topic zone; in the case of <a href="Pyramid_Lake_(Nevada)" title="Pyramid Lake (Nevada)">Pyramid Lake</a> boats were used to collect grab samples at varying depths and locations. Earth Metrics conducted the software development for the first generation <a href="Computer_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer model">computer model</a> and collected field data on water quality and flow rates in the Truckee River. After model calibration, runs were made to evaluate impacts of alternative land use controls and discharge parameters for treated <a href="Effluent" title="Effluent">effluent</a>.

</p><p>The DSSAM Model is constructed to allow dynamic decay of most pollutants; for example, total nitrogen and phosphorus are allowed to be consumed by benthic <a href="Alga" class="mw-redirect" title="Alga">algae</a> in each time step, and the algal communities are given a separate population dynamic in each river reach (e.g.metabolic rate based upon river temperature). Sources throughout the watershed include non-point agricultural and urban stormwater as well as a multiplicity of point source discharges of treated municipal wastewater effluent.

</p><p>Subsequent to the first generation of DSSAM model development, calibration and application, later refinements were made. These augmentations to model functionality focussed on increased flexibility in modeling the <a href="Diel" class="mw-redirect" title="Diel">diel</a> cycle and also allowed inclusion of analyzing particulate nitrogen and phosphorus. In developing DSSAM III several changes in the model operation and scope were performed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

<p>Numerous different uses of the model have been made including (a)analysis of public policies for urban <a href="Stormwater" title="Stormwater">stormwater</a> runoff, (b) researching agricultural methods for <a href="Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">surface runoff</a> minimization, (c) innovative solutions for non-point source control and d)engineering aspects of treated wastewater discharge. Regarding <a href="Stormwater_runoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Stormwater runoff">stormwater runoff</a> in <a href="Washoe_County%2C_Nevada" title="Washoe County, Nevada">Washoe County</a>, the specific elements within a new <a href="Xeriscape" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeriscape">xeriscape</a> ordinance were analyzed for efficacy using the model. For the varied agricultural uses in the watershed, the model was run to understand the principal sources of adverse impact, and management practices were developed to reduce in river pollution. Use of the model has specifically been conducted to analyze survival of two <a href="Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> found in the <a href="Truckee_River" title="Truckee River">Truckee River</a> and <a href="Pyramid_Lake_(Nevada)" title="Pyramid Lake (Nevada)">Pyramid Lake</a>: the <a href="Cui-ui" title="Cui-ui">Cui-ui</a> <a href="Catostomidae" title="Catostomidae">sucker fish</a> (endangered 1967) and the <a href="Lahontan_cutthroat_trout" title="Lahontan cutthroat trout">Lahontan cutthroat trout</a> (threatened 1970). When the model is used for <a href="Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">surface runoff</a> reaching a stream, this pollutant input can be viewed as a <a href="Line_source" title="Line source">line source</a> (e.g., a continuous linear source of pollution entering the waterway).

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Nonpoint_source_pollution" title="Nonpoint source pollution">Nonpoint source pollution</a></li>

<li><a href="SWAT_model" title="SWAT model">SWAT model</a></li>

<li><a href="Stochastic_Empirical_Loading_and_Dilution_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model">Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model</a></li>

<li><a href="Storm_Water_Management_Model" title="Storm Water Management Model">Storm Water Management Model</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.M.Hogan, Marc Papineau et al. <i>Development of a dynamic water quality simulation model for the Truckee River</i>, Earth Metrics Inc., Environmental Protection Agency Technology Series, Washington D.C. (1987)</span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=00001KIO.TXT">Guidance for Water Quality-Based Decisions: The TMDL Process</a> (Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). April 1991. EPA 440/4-91-001.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Warwick, <i>Truckee River spill model,</i> University of Nevada-Reno (2002).</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brock, J.T., C.L. Caupp, and H.M. Runke, <i> Evaluation of water quality using DSSAM III under various conditions of nutrient loadings from municipal wastewater and agricultural sources: Truckee River, Nevada</i>.. Bureau of Water Quality Planning, Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Carson City, Nevada (1992)</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060420083848/http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/tmdl/cs13/cs13.htm">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency TMDL program for the Truckee River</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006054332/http://ndep.nv.gov/bwqp/truckee1.pdf">Final TMDL waste loads for the Truckee Basin derived from the DSSAM Model</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=DSSAM_Model&oldid=1298999479">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>